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Mission statement.
In this seminar, we will be looking at major recent approaches to the
syntax of questions as well as introducing and linking to major approaches
to the semantics of questions. Participants will presumably have some
experience with syntax, but less experience with semantics; one of the
goals of the seminar will be to 'de-mystify' semantics by looking at the
problem questions pose from both syntactic and semantic angles. We will
probably focus on problems posed by wh-in-situ languages (for example,
apparent lack of island phenomena), although we will also discuss analyses
of the syntactic typology of wh-movement as well. Another topic we will
consider is the morphology of questions (the role of "question particles",
the common crosslinguistic relation between question words and other
things, such as indefinites, negative polarity items, disjunction, ...),
and how these might fit into the syntactic and semantic picture. The
syntactic framework we will primarily be discussing will be of the
"Government & Binding" sort (intended to include both "OT" and "minimalist"
approaches, but to exclude LFG, HPSG, etc.).
Readings.
For each week there are generally 2-3 (all fairly short) readings listed.
I tried to keep the amount of reading achievable, so try to at least look
at all of them if possible---however, if the rare occasion arises when
you can only read 2 of 3, they're listed in order of importance,
so read the 2 listed first. If you have extra time, you might look at the
"see also" readings, which will hopefully be discussed too. Readings will
be placed in the "espresso lounge" upstairs with other class readings.
Structure.
I envision presentations being informal, and reasonably short.
On days where two papers are being presented, I'll probably take the first
half hour, splitting the rest of the time between the papers being
discussed. So, something like 45 minutes for each paper, though
presumably this will vary depending on the complexity of the issues
involved.
Life as a registered participant.
The course expectations are (i) a paper at the end, (ii)
two presentations/leadings-of-discussion (of readings or of own research,
preferably one of each). Try to talk to me by the end of March about
paper topics you might be interested in. For the grade to be recorded,
your paper should make it to me by a week before I have to turn in
grades. I'm happy to read drafts, discuss possible directions, etc.
My office is Krieger 137C, email is
hagstrom@jhu.edu.
Life as an unregistered participant.
Of course, I can't formally 'require' anything, but even those who are
not formally registered in the course are heartily encouraged to
present readings and/or their own research.
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Week 1:
The typology of wh-movement, wh-in-situ as basic
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Jan 25
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The surface typology of wh-word-movement (one vs. all vs. none).
Is there a uniform connection to CP? Is it driven by semantics?
Reasons given for "covert wh-movement" of wh-in-situ, reasons against...
Implementations: scope marking (representational), covert movement (derivational),
unselective binding (hybrid).
Some reason to believe even moved wh-phrases are
"put back" for interpretation.
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Ackema & Neeleman (1998)
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Paul
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Week 2:
The morphology of wh-in-situ
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Jan 25
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The "Clausal Typing Hypothesis" and Q morphemes. (Cheng 1997)
The Q-movement hypothesis; connecting dareka to dare...ka? (Hagstrom 1999)
Connecting wh-words and quantifiers (Kim 1989).
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Cheng (1997, ch.2)
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Paul
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Hagstrom (1999)
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Paul
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Kim (1989)
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Paul
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Hagstrom (1998, ch. 2)
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Week 2.5:
Connecting morphology and semantics:
What Japanese particles tell us about the meaning of questions
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Jan 25
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Talk given at Swarthmore, February 11, 1999.
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Week 3:
The typology of wh-movement, wh-in-situ as basic
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Jan 25
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The relation between syntax and semantics (Heim & Kratzer 1998).
Compositionality in interpretation, semantic types ("Semantics 101")
Questions as characterizing their answers (Hamblin 1958, Hagstrom 1998).
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Hamblin (1958)
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Paul
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Hagstrom (1998, ch. 5, sec 1-2) |
Paul
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Heim & Kratzer (1998: ch, 1, 2, sec 6.3.1, sec 7.1, sec 7.3).
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Paul
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Weeks 4-5:
Some major approaches to wh-in-situ
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Jan 25
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LF-pied piping (Nishigauchi 1990).
Unselective binding (Pesetsky 1987, Aoun & Li 1993).
Invisible overt movement (Watanabe 1992).
Representation approaches, scope marking (Brody 1995, Legendre et al. 1995)
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Pesetsky (1987)
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John
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Watanabe (1992)
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Frankie
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Reinhart (1998)
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Colin
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Legendre, Wilson, Smolensky, Homer, and Raymond (1995)
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Paul
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Aoun & Li (1993)
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---
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Brody (1995, ch. 2)
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---
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Nishigauchi (1990, ch. 2)
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---
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Week 6:
Semantics and answerhood
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Jan 25
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Rullmann & Beck 1996 saving Karttunen 1977 from Groenendijk &
Stokhof 1984.
Heim 1995, similar goal.
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Legendre, et al. (1995)
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(cont'd)
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Rullmann & Beck (1996)
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Marina
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Heim (1994)
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---
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Week 7:
Interpreting wh-words in situ
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Jan 25
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(Special Bonus Class, Spring Break)
Overview of issues of the semantics of questions; Groenendijk &
Stokhof 1994.
Semantic arguments for interpreting wh-words in situ.
Rullmann & Beck 1997 and presupposition projection.
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Groenendijk & Stokhof (1984; sec 4.1-3 and sec 6)
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John
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Rullmann & Beck (1997)
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Paul
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Week 8:
Flexible Functional Application again, pair-lists, etc.
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Jan 25
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(or Did what I wrote in my thesis make any sense?)
Pair-list readings in multiple questions. What are they?
Applications of FFA in my proposal (islands, PL readings, ka-drop).
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Hagstrom (1998; sec 5.5, sec 6.1, sec 6.4, review secs 5.3-4)
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Paul
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Dayal (1996)
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---
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Garrett (1996)
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---
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Week 9:
Questions with quantifiers
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Jan 25
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Pair-list and functional readings with quantifiers (Chierchia 1991)
Funny locality effects (Sloan 1991)
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Sloan (1991)
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Frankie
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Chierchia (1991) |
Marina
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Hagstrom (1998, ch. 7)
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Paul
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Hagstrom (1998, secs 6.2-3) |
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Chierchia (1993)
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Sharvit (1996)
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---
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Week 10:
Scope marking and partial wh-movement
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Jan 25
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"Direct" vs. "indirect" dependencies between "expletive" wh-word
and its associate-- Dayal (re: Hindi) vs. Müller (re: German and several others).
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Dayal (1994)
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Colin
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Müller (1996)
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Géraldine
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Cole & Hermon (1998)
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---
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Weeks 11-12:
Continuing partial wh-movement
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Jan 25
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Horvath (1996)
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Paul
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Fanselow & Mahajan (1996)
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Paul
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